MP4 MPEG-4 media file
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File Information
MPEG-4 media file
Video
.mp4
video/mp4
MPEG-4 Video File
What is an MP4 file?
An MP4 file stores a video in the widely used MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4) multimedia container format. It typically contains video and audio data (and related metadata) but may also store subtitles and still images. Since MP4 is a standard format, you can open MP4 files with most media players, including Microsoft Media Player and Apple QuickTime Player.
More Information
In the late 1990s, the ISO and IEC organizations commissioned the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) to develop an international standard for audio and video coding formats. This initiative resulted in the formation of the MP4 format, which MPEG released in 2001 and subsequently updated in 2003 with version 2 of the format.
Since its release, MP4 has become one of the most common formats for storing and sharing video. The format's popularity is partially due to its ability to save videos at smaller file sizes than most other formats without much loss in quality. This advantage made MP4 an excellent option for exporting videos and sharing them online.
MP4 Format
The MP4 format is an extension of the QuickTime File Format (QTFF), used in .MOV and .QT video files. It is a container format that supports different data streams, including video, audio, subtitles, and metadata, with each stream encoded by different codecs:
Video Data
- May be encoded using various codecs, such as MPEG-4 Part 10 (H.264/AVC)
- MPEG-H Part 2 (H.265/HEVC)
- MPEG-4 Part 2
Audio Data
- Primarily compressed with AAC compression
- Same audio compression used by .AAC files
Subtitle Data
- Typically saved in the MPEG-4 Streaming text format
- Also known as MPEG-4 Part 17 and MPEG-4 Timed Text (MP4TT)
Metadata
- May be formatted using various standards
- Including the Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) format
Furthermore, the MP4 container supports both lossless and lossy codecs. For example, MP4 supports the lossless MPEG-4 SLS and lossy AAC audio codecs.
However, MP4 only supports lossy video codecs, which compress video data at varying levels. For example, the popular H.264 video codec featured in many MP4 files uses lossy compression to significantly reduce video data stream sizes, which is helpful when sharing MP4 files online (e.g., uploading videos to YouTube and Vimeo).
Note: MP4 files that store only audio data typically use the .m4a extension (.M4A files).
How to open an MP4 file
You can open and play an MP4 file with most media players:
Windows
- Microsoft Movies & TV (bundled)
- Microsoft Media Player (bundled)
- VLC Media Player (free)
Mac
- Apple QuickTime Player (bundled)
- VLC Media Player (free)
Cross-platform
- VLC Media Player
- Web browsers (Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Firefox)
Mobile
- iOS: Default video player or VLC for iOS
- Android: Default video player or VLC for Android
How to edit an MP4 file
Many video editors allow you to import and edit MP4 videos:
Professional Tools
- Adobe Premiere Pro (Windows, Mac) - Industry-standard video editing
- Apple Final Cut Pro (Mac) - Professional video editing for Mac users
- Blackmagic Design DaVinci Resolve (Cross-platform) - Professional color correction and editing
Consumer Tools
- Corel VideoStudio (Windows) - Easy-to-use video editing
- iMovie (Mac) - Simple video editing for beginners
- OpenShot (Cross-platform) - Free open-source video editor
How to convert an MP4 file
Many media players and video editors allow you to convert MP4 files to other formats:
Popular Conversion Tools
- VLC Media Player - Free, supports many formats
- HandBrake - Free video transcoder
- FFmpeg - Command-line tool for advanced users
Common Output Formats
- .WEBM - WebM Video (for web use)
- .AVI - Audio Video Interleave
- .MOV - QuickTime Movie
- .WMV - Windows Media Video
- .MP3 - Audio extraction
- .GIF - Animated GIF (short clips)
Technical Specifications
- Container Format: MPEG-4 Part 14
- File Extension: .mp4, .m4v
- MIME Type: video/mp4
- Developed by: Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
- Released: 2001 (updated 2003)
- Based on: QuickTime File Format
Common Use Cases
- Video streaming - YouTube, Netflix, and other platforms
- Video sharing - Social media platforms
- Mobile video - Smartphones and tablets
- Web video - HTML5 video elements
- Digital cameras - Recording format for many cameras
- Screen recording - Many screen capture tools use MP4
Advantages
- Wide compatibility - Supported by virtually all devices and players
- Good compression - Smaller file sizes without significant quality loss
- Multiple streams - Can contain video, audio, subtitles, and metadata
- Streaming support - Optimized for online streaming
- Mobile-friendly - Excellent for mobile devices
Limitations
- Lossy compression - Some quality loss during encoding
- Patent issues - Some codecs may require licensing
- Limited editing - Not ideal for professional video editing workflows
- Codec dependency - Playback depends on available codecs
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