KOTLIN Kotlin source

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🏷️ .kt

🎯 text/x-kotlin

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File Information

File Description

Kotlin source

Kotlin Programming Language

What is a Kotlin file?

A Kotlin (.kt or .kts) file is a source code file written in Kotlin, a modern, statically typed programming language developed by JetBrains. Kotlin is designed to be fully interoperable with Java while providing more concise syntax, null safety, and modern language features. Kotlin files can contain classes, functions, properties, and other constructs that compile to Java bytecode, JavaScript, or native machine code, making it versatile for various platforms.

More Information

Kotlin was developed by JetBrains starting in 2010, with the first stable release (Kotlin 1.0) in February 2016. The language was created to address Java's limitations while maintaining full interoperability with existing Java code. In 2017, Google announced first-class support for Kotlin on Android, and in 2019, Google declared Kotlin as the preferred language for Android development. The name "Kotlin" comes from Kotlin Island near St. Petersburg, Russia.

Kotlin has gained rapid adoption not only in Android development but also in server-side development, web development, and multiplatform projects. Its pragmatic design philosophy focuses on safety, clarity, and tooling support. Kotlin's ability to prevent common programming errors like null pointer exceptions, combined with its concise syntax and powerful features, has made it popular among developers seeking a more modern alternative to Java.

Kotlin Format

Kotlin has a clean, expressive syntax with many modern language features:

Basic Syntax

Type inference - Automatic type detection
Null safety - Built-in null pointer exception prevention
Data classes - Automatic generation of common methods
Extension functions - Add functionality to existing classes
Higher-order functions - Functions that take or return functions
Coroutines - Built-in asynchronous programming support

Key Features

100% Java interoperability - Seamless integration with Java code
Concise syntax - Reduces boilerplate code significantly
Smart casts - Automatic type casting when safe
String templates - Easy string interpolation
Default parameters - Function parameters with default values
Named arguments - Improve code readability

Data Types and Collections

Basic types - Int, Double, String, Boolean, Char
Collections - List, Set, Map with immutable and mutable variants
Nullable types - String?, Int?, etc. for null safety
Type aliases - Create alternative names for types
Inline classes - Zero-overhead wrapper types

Common Patterns

// Data class
data class Person(
    val name: String,
    val age: Int,
    val email: String?
)

// Class with properties and methods
class BankAccount(private var balance: Double) {
    fun deposit(amount: Double) {
        if (amount > 0) {
            balance += amount
        }
    }
    
    fun withdraw(amount: Double): Boolean {
        return if (amount > 0 && amount <= balance) {
            balance -= amount
            true
        } else {
            false
        }
    }
    
    fun getBalance(): Double = balance
}

// Extension function
fun String.isEmailValid(): Boolean {
    return this.contains("@") && this.contains(".")
}

// Higher-order function
fun processNumbers(numbers: List<Int>, operation: (Int) -> Int): List<Int> {
    return numbers.map(operation)
}

// Main function
fun main() {
    // Null safety
    val person = Person("Alice", 30, "[email protected]")
    println("Name: ${person.name}")
    
    // Safe call operator
    val emailLength = person.email?.length ?: 0
    
    // Smart cast
    if (person.email != null) {
        println("Email is valid: ${person.email.isEmailValid()}")
    }
    
    // Collection operations
    val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
    val doubled = processNumbers(numbers) { it * 2 }
    println("Doubled: $doubled")
    
    // When expression (enhanced switch)
    val result = when (person.age) {
        in 0..17 -> "Minor"
        in 18..64 -> "Adult"
        else -> "Senior"
    }
    println("Age category: $result")
    
    // Coroutines for asynchronous programming
    suspend fun fetchData(): String {
        delay(1000) // Simulated network call
        return "Data fetched"
    }
}