DART Dart source

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🏷️ .dart

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File Information

File Description

Dart source

Dart Programming Language

What is a Dart file?

A Dart (.dart) file is a source code file written in Dart, a client-optimized programming language developed by Google for building fast applications across multiple platforms. Dart is designed for UI-focused development and is the primary language for Flutter framework development. Dart files contain classes, functions, libraries, and other constructs that can be compiled to JavaScript for web applications, native ARM and x64 machine code for mobile and desktop apps, or run on the Dart Virtual Machine.

More Information

Dart was developed by Google and first announced in October 2011, with the goal of replacing JavaScript for web development. The language was created by Lars Bak and Kasper Lund, who also created the V8 JavaScript engine. Initially focused on web development, Dart gained significant popularity with the introduction of Flutter in 2017, Google's UI toolkit for building natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase.

Dart's design emphasizes developer productivity, fast development cycles, and optimized performance for client-side applications. The language features a familiar syntax for developers coming from JavaScript, Java, or C#, while providing modern language features like null safety, type inference, and asynchronous programming support. Dart's hot reload capability, especially in Flutter development, enables rapid iteration and development.

Dart Format

Dart has a clean, familiar syntax with modern programming language features:

Basic Syntax

Familiar C-style syntax - Easy for developers from other languages
Optional typing - Dynamic typing with optional static types
Null safety - Sound null safety prevents null reference errors
Asynchronous programming - Built-in support for async/await
Object-oriented - Classes, inheritance, mixins, and interfaces
Functional features - Higher-order functions and closures

Key Features

Hot reload - Instant code changes during development
Ahead-of-time compilation - Fast startup and predictable performance
Tree shaking - Dead code elimination for smaller bundle sizes
Isolates - Concurrent programming model
Strong typing - Optional static typing with type inference
Mixins - Code reuse through composition

Data Types and Collections

Basic types - int, double, String, bool
Collections - List, Set, Map with generic type support
Nullable types - int?, String?, etc. for null safety
Dynamic type - Flexible typing when needed
Function types - Functions as first-class objects
Records - Structured data with named and positional fields

Common Patterns

// Import statement
import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:math';

// Class definition
class Person {
  String name;
  int age;
  String? email; // Nullable type
  
  // Constructor with named parameters
  Person({
    required this.name,
    required this.age,
    this.email,
  });
  
  // Named constructor
  Person.adult(this.name, this.email) : age = 18;
  
  // Getter
  bool get isAdult => age >= 18;
  
  // Method
  String greet() {
    return 'Hello, I\'m $name and I\'m $age years old';
  }
  
  // Override toString
  @override
  String toString() => 'Person(name: $name, age: $age)';
}

// Abstract class
abstract class Animal {
  String name;
  
  Animal(this.name);
  
  void makeSound(); // Abstract method
  
  void sleep() {
    print('$name is sleeping');
  }
}

// Class with mixin
mixin Flyable {
  void fly() {
    print('Flying!');
  }
}

class Bird extends Animal with Flyable {
  Bird(String name) : super(name);
  
  @override
  void makeSound() {
    print('$name chirps');
  }
}

// Enum
enum Status { pending, approved, rejected }

// Extension methods
extension StringExtensions on String {
  bool get isEmail => contains('@') && contains('.');
  
  String capitalize() {
    if (isEmpty) return this;
    return '${this[0].toUpperCase()}${substring(1)}';
  }
}

// Async function
Future<String> fetchUserData(String userId) async {
  // Simulate network delay
  await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 2));
  return 'User data for $userId';
}

// Stream function
Stream<int> countStream(int max) async* {
  for (int i = 1; i <= max; i++) {
    await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 1));
    yield i;
  }
}

// Main function
void main() async {
  // Creating objects
  var person = Person(name: 'Alice', age: 25, email: '[email protected]');
  print(person.greet());
  
  // Null safety
  if (person.email != null) {
    print('Email is valid: ${person.email!.isEmail}');
  }
  
  // Collections
  var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
  var doubled = numbers.map((n) => n * 2).toList();
  print('Doubled: $doubled');
  
  // Higher-order functions
  var evenNumbers = numbers.where((n) => n.isEven).toList();
  print('Even numbers: $evenNumbers');
  
  // Async programming
  try {
    var userData = await fetchUserData('123');
    print('Fetched: $userData');
  } catch (e) {
    print('Error: $e');
  }
  
  // Streams
  await for (var count in countStream(3)) {
    print('Count: $count');
  }
  
  // Pattern matching (Dart 3.0+)
  var status = Status.approved;
  var message = switch (status) {
    Status.pending => 'Waiting for approval',
    Status.approved => 'Request approved',
    Status.rejected => 'Request rejected',
  };
  print(message);
  
  // Records (Dart 3.0+)
  var record = ('Alice', 25, true);
  var (name, age, isStudent) = record;
  print('Name: $name, Age: $age, Student: $isStudent');
}